The term "depression" has been variably used to describe either a symptom, a syndrome, or a disease. Depression is used in the broad sense to describe a syndrome that includes a constellation of physiological, affective, and cognitive manifestations. As listed in the current American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM- IIIR), criteria for the diagnosis of depression include: (1) changes in appetite and weight; (2) disturbed sleep; (3) motor agitation or retardation; (4) fatigue and loss of energy; (5) depressed or irritable mood; (6) loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities; (7) feelings of worthlessness, self-reproach, excessive guilt; (8) suicidal thinking or attempts; and (9) difficulty with thinking or concentration.

Depression may range in severity from mild symptoms to more severe forms that include delusional thinking, excessive somatic concern, and suicidal ideation, over longer periods of time. The DSM-IIIR requires the presence of at least five of the symptoms listed above for a diagnosis of major depressive episode.


Darkness Visible : A Memoir of Madness
by William Styron. In 1985 William Styron fell victim to a crippling and almost suicidal depression, the same illness that took the lives of Randall Jarrell, Primo Levi and Virginia Woolf. That Styron survived his descent into madness is something of a miracle. That he manages to convey its tortuous progression and his eventual recovery with such candor and precision makes Darkness Visible a rare feat of literature, a book that will arouse a shock of recognition even in those readers who have been spared the suffering it describes. A true inspiration.


I Don't Want to Talk About It : Overcoming the Secret Legacy of Male Depression
by Terrence Real. A therapist himself, Terrence Real examines the dirty little secret of the American Male: chronic depression. As the author sees it, men who fall prey to depressive disorders are caught in a double bind. Since their feelings of helplessness are considered unmanly, they tend to hide them, which makes the descent into blackness even steeper. The solution? Real urges men (and women!) to cast aside their clichéd notions of gender and to accept that feelings are neither masculine nor feminine but essentially human.

Contact: Ascend


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Depression : What Families Should Know
by Elaine Fantle Shimberg. Acclaimed medical writer Shimberg shows families how to help a loved one who suffers from depression. Learn how to recognize its symptoms, protect other family members, respond to suicide talk, and more. Includes a comprehensive list of community support groups, crisis centers, government and social service agencies.